Introduction

Ecosystem and habitat indicators are regularly presented to the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council (Council), and are already used in the Council’s Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) process as well as within several research track stock assessments. Additional indicators exist in the region that are potentially useful for Council management processes. Given this wealth of indicator resources, the Council has many options for enhancing management decisions by including ecosystem and habitat indicators. This project will develop and test indicators for operational use in Council management processes.

These reports are part of a review and assessment of existing ecosystem and habitat indicators in the Northeast to evaluate their utility to support management objectives. Indicators are presented in a format to facilitate evaluation for operational use within a SMART framework: are the indicators Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Timely for the priority Council decisions? (See e.g., Belcher, B. M., Claus, R., Davel, R., and Place, F. 2024. Indicators for monitoring and evaluating research-for-development: A critical review of a system in use. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 24: 100526. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972724001946 )

We start with general definitions for these attributes, but ultimately they will be linked to particular management processes and objectives. A SMART indicator for one process won’t necessarily be SMART for another.

  • Specific: clearly defined, describing exactly what is measured at what scale and how the indicator is calculated so that methods can be repeated. In the next phase, the indicator can be directly linked to a management process objective.
  • Measurable: appropriate quantitative or qualitative data are available to evaluate change over time. Tied to measurable management process objective.
  • Achievable: responses to changes in management are detectable within the management time frame–objectives tied to the indicator must be achievable.
  • Relevant: accurately reflects changes in the underlying process of concern. In the next phase, the indicator can be directly linked to a management process objective.
  • Time-bound: how often is indicator measured and does this align with the process of concern, and later, the management process within a SMART framework: are the indicators Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Timely for the priority Council decisions?
Available reports
Aggregate Survey Biomass
Ambient sound levels SNE wind energy areas
Annual Heatwave Intensity
Aquaculture Production
Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Pelagic Observer Program CPUE
Bennet Indicator
Benthic Invertebrate Indices
Bottom Temperature - in situ
Bottom temperature - Seasonal Anomaly
Bottom temperature - Seasonal Gridded
Bottom trawl survey diversity index
Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards Attainment
Cold Pool Index
Commercial Catch and Fleet Diversity
Commercial Landings and Revenue
Community Climate Change Risk Indicators (CCCRI)
Community Port Landings and Revenue from Wind Energy Areas (WEAs)
Community Social Vulnerability Indicators (CSVI)
Ecosytem overfishing
Expected Number of Species
Feeding guilds by management bodies
Fish Productivity Indicators
Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development
Forage Fish Energy Density
Forage Fish Index
Gray Seal Bycatch
Gray Seal Pups
Gulf Stream Index
Gulf of Maine Atlantic salmon
Harbor Porpoise Bycatch
Harmful Algal Blooms
Highly Migratory Species Landings
Inshore Survey (Massachusetts)
Inshore Survey (Mid Atlantic)
Inshore Survey (New England)
Marine Heatwave Events
NE Shelf Annual Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
NE Shelf Functional Trait Indicators
Phytoplankton
Recreational Fishing Indicators
Recreational HMS
Relative condition
Right Whale Abundance
Sea Surface Temperature - Ocean Model
Sea-surface temperature anomaly
Seabird diet and productivity - New England
Seasonal OISST Anomaly Map
Slopewater Proportions
Spawning Timing
Species Distribution Indicators
Species Richness
Speed and Scale of Offshore Wind Development in the Northeast
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
Thermal Habitat Area
Thermal Habitat Persistence
Transition Dates
Warm Core Rings
Zooplankton Abundance Anomalies
Zooplankton Diversity
Zooplankton Indices