SMART Indicator Report: Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development

1 Descriptive Section

1.1 Indicator category

[1] “Ocean-Use”

1.2 Indicator name

Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development

Includes variable(s): American Plaice-sum_landing, American Plaice-sum_value, Atlantic cod-sum_landing, Atlantic cod-sum_value, Atlantic halibut-sum_landing, Atlantic halibut-sum_value, Atlantic herring-sum_landing, Atlantic herring-sum_value, Atlantic Mackerel-sum_landing, Atlantic Mackerel-sum_value, Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_landing, Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_value, Black Sea Bass-sum_landing, Black Sea Bass-sum_value, Bluefish-sum_landing, Bluefish-sum_value, Blueline Tilefish-sum_landing, Blueline Tilefish-sum_value, Butterfish-sum_landing, Butterfish-sum_value, Chub Mackerel-sum_landing, Chub Mackerel-sum_value, Golden Tilefish-sum_landing, Golden Tilefish-sum_value, Haddock-sum_landing, Haddock-sum_value, Illex Squid-sum_landing, Illex Squid-sum_value, Longfin Squid-sum_landing, Longfin Squid-sum_value, Monkfish-sum_landing, Monkfish-sum_value, Ocean Quahog-sum_landing, Ocean Quahog-sum_value, Offshore Hake-sum_landing, Offshore Hake-sum_value, Pollock-sum_landing, Pollock-sum_value, Red Crab-sum_landing, Red Crab-sum_value, Red Hake-sum_landing, Red Hake-sum_value, Redfish-sum_landing, Redfish-sum_value, Scup-sum_landing, Scup-sum_value, Silver Hake-sum_landing, Silver Hake-sum_value, Skates-sum_landing, Skates-sum_value, Spiny Dogfish-sum_landing, Spiny Dogfish-sum_value, Summer Flounder-sum_landing, Summer Flounder-sum_value, Surfclam-sum_landing, Surfclam-sum_value, White Hake-sum_landing, White Hake-sum_value, Windowpane flounder-sum_landing, Windowpane flounder-sum_value, Winter flounder-sum_landing, Winter flounder-sum_value, Witch flounder-sum_landing, Witch flounder-sum_value, Yellowtail flounder-sum_landing, Yellowtail flounder-sum_value

1.3 Indicator brief description

The data presented here include landings and revenue of species managed by the New England and Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Councils within existing offshore wind lease areas.

1.4 Indicator visualization

Figures include annual landings and revenue for each managed species caught within existing offshore wind lease areas. Tables include average annual landings and revenue for the top ten species caught within existing and proposed offshore wind lease areas and the maximum proportion of total annual regional landings and revenues for all managed species.

2 SMART Attribute Section

2.1 Indicator documentation

2.1.1 Are indicators available for others to use (data downloadable)?

Yes

2.1.1.1 Where can indicators be found?

Data: https://noaa-edab.github.io/ecodata/index.html

Description: https://noaa-edab.github.io/catalog/wind_revenue.html

Technical documentation: https://noaa-edab.github.io/tech-doc/wind_revenue.html

2.1.1.2 How often are they updated? Are future updates likely?

[need sequential look at datasets for update frequency. Future requires judgement]

2.1.1.3 Who is the contact?

Douglas Christel (douglas.christel@noaa.gov)

2.1.2 Gather indicator statistics

2.1.2.1 Units

Indicator	Units
American Plaice-sum_landing	no Units field
American Plaice-sum_value	no Units field
Atlantic cod-sum_landing	no Units field
Atlantic cod-sum_value	no Units field
Atlantic halibut-sum_landing	no Units field
Atlantic halibut-sum_value	no Units field
Atlantic herring-sum_landing	no Units field
Atlantic herring-sum_value	no Units field
Atlantic Mackerel-sum_landing	no Units field
Atlantic Mackerel-sum_value	no Units field
Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_landing	no Units field
Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_value	no Units field
Black Sea Bass-sum_landing	no Units field
Black Sea Bass-sum_value	no Units field
Bluefish-sum_landing	no Units field
Bluefish-sum_value	no Units field
Blueline Tilefish-sum_landing	no Units field
Blueline Tilefish-sum_value	no Units field
Butterfish-sum_landing	no Units field
Butterfish-sum_value	no Units field
Chub Mackerel-sum_landing	no Units field
Chub Mackerel-sum_value	no Units field
Golden Tilefish-sum_landing	no Units field
Golden Tilefish-sum_value	no Units field
Haddock-sum_landing	no Units field
Haddock-sum_value	no Units field
Illex Squid-sum_landing	no Units field
Illex Squid-sum_value	no Units field
Longfin Squid-sum_landing	no Units field
Longfin Squid-sum_value	no Units field
Monkfish-sum_landing	no Units field
Monkfish-sum_value	no Units field
Ocean Quahog-sum_landing	no Units field
Ocean Quahog-sum_value	no Units field
Offshore Hake-sum_landing	no Units field
Offshore Hake-sum_value	no Units field
Pollock-sum_landing	no Units field
Pollock-sum_value	no Units field
Red Crab-sum_landing	no Units field
Red Crab-sum_value	no Units field
Red Hake-sum_landing	no Units field
Red Hake-sum_value	no Units field
Redfish-sum_landing	no Units field
Redfish-sum_value	no Units field
Scup-sum_landing	no Units field
Scup-sum_value	no Units field
Silver Hake-sum_landing	no Units field
Silver Hake-sum_value	no Units field
Skates-sum_landing	no Units field
Skates-sum_value	no Units field
Spiny Dogfish-sum_landing	no Units field
Spiny Dogfish-sum_value	no Units field
Summer Flounder-sum_landing	no Units field
Summer Flounder-sum_value	no Units field
Surfclam-sum_landing	no Units field
Surfclam-sum_value	no Units field
White Hake-sum_landing	no Units field
White Hake-sum_value	no Units field
Windowpane flounder-sum_landing	no Units field
Windowpane flounder-sum_value	no Units field
Winter flounder-sum_landing	no Units field
Winter flounder-sum_value	no Units field
Witch flounder-sum_landing	no Units field
Witch flounder-sum_value	no Units field
Yellowtail flounder-sum_landing	no Units field
Yellowtail flounder-sum_value	no Units field

2.1.2.2 Length of time series, start and end date, periodicity

General overview: Annual from 2008-2023

Indicator specifics:

Indicator	EPU	StartYear	EndYear	NumYears	MissingYears
American Plaice-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
American Plaice-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic cod-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic cod-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic halibut-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic halibut-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic herring-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic herring-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic Mackerel-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic Mackerel-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Black Sea Bass-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Black Sea Bass-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Bluefish-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Bluefish-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Blueline Tilefish-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Blueline Tilefish-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Butterfish-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Butterfish-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Chub Mackerel-sum_landing	MAB	2010	2023	13	1
Chub Mackerel-sum_value	MAB	2010	2023	13	1
Golden Tilefish-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Golden Tilefish-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Haddock-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Haddock-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Illex Squid-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Illex Squid-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Longfin Squid-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Longfin Squid-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Monkfish-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Monkfish-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Monkfish-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Monkfish-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Ocean Quahog-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	6	10
Ocean Quahog-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	6	10
Offshore Hake-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	14	2
Offshore Hake-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	14	2
Pollock-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Pollock-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Red Crab-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	5	11
Red Crab-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	5	11
Red Hake-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Red Hake-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Redfish-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Redfish-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Scup-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Scup-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Silver Hake-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Silver Hake-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Skates-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Skates-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Spiny Dogfish-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Spiny Dogfish-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Spiny Dogfish-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Spiny Dogfish-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Summer Flounder-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Summer Flounder-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Surfclam-sum_landing	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
Surfclam-sum_value	MAB	2008	2023	16	0
White Hake-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
White Hake-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Windowpane flounder-sum_landing	NE	2008	2013	6	0
Windowpane flounder-sum_value	NE	2008	2013	6	0
Winter flounder-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Winter flounder-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Witch flounder-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Witch flounder-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Yellowtail flounder-sum_landing	NE	2008	2023	16	0
Yellowtail flounder-sum_value	NE	2008	2023	16	0

2.1.2.3 Spatial location, scale and extent

General overview: Offshore wind lease areas throughout the Exclusive Economic Zone from Maine through North Carolina

Indicator specifics:

Indicator	EPU
American Plaice-sum_landing	NE
American Plaice-sum_value	NE
Atlantic cod-sum_landing	NE
Atlantic cod-sum_value	NE
Atlantic halibut-sum_landing	NE
Atlantic halibut-sum_value	NE
Atlantic herring-sum_landing	NE
Atlantic herring-sum_value	NE
Atlantic Mackerel-sum_landing	MAB
Atlantic Mackerel-sum_value	MAB
Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_landing	NE
Atlantic Sea Scallop-sum_value	NE
Black Sea Bass-sum_landing	MAB
Black Sea Bass-sum_value	MAB
Bluefish-sum_landing	MAB
Bluefish-sum_value	MAB
Blueline Tilefish-sum_landing	MAB
Blueline Tilefish-sum_value	MAB
Butterfish-sum_landing	MAB
Butterfish-sum_value	MAB
Chub Mackerel-sum_landing	MAB
Chub Mackerel-sum_value	MAB
Golden Tilefish-sum_landing	MAB
Golden Tilefish-sum_value	MAB
Haddock-sum_landing	NE
Haddock-sum_value	NE
Illex Squid-sum_landing	MAB
Illex Squid-sum_value	MAB
Longfin Squid-sum_landing	MAB
Longfin Squid-sum_value	MAB
Monkfish-sum_landing	MAB
Monkfish-sum_landing	NE
Monkfish-sum_value	MAB
Monkfish-sum_value	NE
Ocean Quahog-sum_landing	MAB
Ocean Quahog-sum_value	MAB
Offshore Hake-sum_landing	NE
Offshore Hake-sum_value	NE
Pollock-sum_landing	NE
Pollock-sum_value	NE
Red Crab-sum_landing	NE
Red Crab-sum_value	NE
Red Hake-sum_landing	NE
Red Hake-sum_value	NE
Redfish-sum_landing	NE
Redfish-sum_value	NE
Scup-sum_landing	MAB
Scup-sum_value	MAB
Silver Hake-sum_landing	NE
Silver Hake-sum_value	NE
Skates-sum_landing	NE
Skates-sum_value	NE
Spiny Dogfish-sum_landing	MAB
Spiny Dogfish-sum_landing	NE
Spiny Dogfish-sum_value	MAB
Spiny Dogfish-sum_value	NE
Summer Flounder-sum_landing	MAB
Summer Flounder-sum_value	MAB
Surfclam-sum_landing	MAB
Surfclam-sum_value	MAB
White Hake-sum_landing	NE
White Hake-sum_value	NE
Windowpane flounder-sum_landing	NE
Windowpane flounder-sum_value	NE
Winter flounder-sum_landing	NE
Winter flounder-sum_value	NE
Witch flounder-sum_landing	NE
Witch flounder-sum_value	NE
Yellowtail flounder-sum_landing	NE
Yellowtail flounder-sum_value	NE

2.1.2.4 Management scale: all species, FMP level, species level, can it be aggregated or separated to different scales?

[Classify by hand, note gridded data if available could be applied to different species ranges]

2.1.2.5 Uncertainty metrics

Uncertainty is captured in these variables:

character(0)

2.1.3 Are methods clearly documented to obtain source data and calculate indicators?

Yes

2.1.3.1 Can the indicator be calculated from current documentation?

Using raster data of modeled VTR data using the Fishing Footprint method, we integrated dealer data and compared to existing/proposed wind lease areas to get landings/revenue in each area by year.

2.1.3.2 Is code publicly available? up to date?

No

2.1.3.3 Have methods changed over time?

Yes

2.1.4 Are indicator underlying source data linked or easy to find?

Source data are NOT publicly available. Please email douglas.christel@noaa.gov for further information and queries of indicator source data.

2.1.4.1 Where are source data stored?

Modeled vessel trip report (VTR) data using the fishing footprint method (Geret Sean DePiper (2014) and Benjamin, Lee, and DePiper (2018)) linked with dealer reports for annual landings and revenue within wind lease areas and dealer report data for annual GARFO landings/revenue.

2.1.4.2 How/by whom are source data updated? Are future updates likely?

Doug Christel douglas.christel@noaa.gov

[likelihood of source data updates requires judgement, enter by hand]

2.1.4.3 How often are they updated?

[Update by hand, look for source, may require judgement]

2.2 Indicator analysis/testing or history of use

2.2.1 What decision or advice processes are the indicators currently used in?

Estimates of landings and associated revenue of managed species within existing offshore wind lease areas provide an estimate of the potential socioeconomic impacts to fishery participants and fishing communities from regional offshore development projects. The presence of offshore wind project infrastructure could result in fishing effort displacement outside of lease areas, which could affect the scale, composition, and location of fishery landings and revenues and interactions with protected species. These data present absolute landings/revenue within lease areas, but also relative proportions of regional landings/revenue within lease areas to illustrate the scale of potential impacts to specific fisheries.

2.2.2 What implications of the indicators are currently listed?

Plots of annual landings and revenue within existing and proposed offshore wind lease areas show a general decline since 2008 for managed species with periodic spikes in both metrics. This suggests lower reliance on offshore wind lease areas for most fisheries, although some are more reliant upon these areas at large, particularly the longfin squid, surfclam, scallop, herring, yellowtail flounder, pollock, redfish, black sea bass, and skate fisheries. The Gulf of Maine lease areas overlap with a substantial portion of historic groundfish fishery landings/revenues, with haddock landings/revenues increasingly overlapping with existing lease areas in recent years.

2.2.3 Do target, limit, or threshold values already exist for the indicator?

No

2.2.4 Have the indicators been tested to ensure they respond proportionally to a change in the underlying process?

No

2.2.5 Are the indicators sensitive to a small change in the process, or what is the threshold of change that is detectable?

Unknown

2.2.6 Is there a time lag between the process change and the indicator change? How long?

Unknown

3 SMART rating

Category	Indicator	Element	Attribute	Rating	ElementRating	OverallRating
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Specific	Described	1.0	0.5000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Specific	Units	0.0	0.5000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Specific	Spatial	1.0	0.5000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Specific	Uncertainty	0.0	0.5000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Specific	Methods	1.0	0.5000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Specific	Code	0.0	0.5000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Measurable	Available	1.0	0.8333333	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Measurable	Online	1.0	0.8333333	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Measurable	Contact	1.0	0.8333333	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Measurable	SourceDat	0.0	0.8333333	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Measurable	SourceAvail	1.0	0.8333333	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Measurable	SourceContact	1.0	0.8333333	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Achievable	Tested	0.0	0.0000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Achievable	Sensitivity	0.0	0.0000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Achievable	TimeLag	0.0	0.0000000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Relevant	Advice	1.0	0.6666667	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Relevant	Implications	1.0	0.6666667	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Relevant	TargThresh	0.0	0.6666667	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Timebound	Frequency	1.0	0.7500000	0.55
Ocean-Use	Fishery Impacts from Offshore Wind Development	Timebound	Updated	0.5	0.7500000	0.55

3.1 Comments

[Fill below by hand once above data complete]

3.1.1 Additional potential links to management in addition to uses listed above

3.1.2 What additional work would be needed for the Council to use the indicator?

3.1.3 What issues are caused if there is a gap or delay in data underlying the indicator